Baarbri Essay Writing Workshop Handout

Baarbri Essay Writing Workshop HandoutThe Baarbri Essay Writing Workshop Handout is the basic text of the Baarbri Essay writing workshop. The handout is a way of providing students with instruction and practice for their writing assignments. It can help students have a smooth learning experience during the writing process.In this handout, students will find the first paragraph. They will get to write about a university in India, local things in India or about a former colleague of theirs. Students may choose to write about anything they want.At the end of the first paragraph, the students are required to write a couple of essays. These essays should be about history, world events or current affairs. The students are also expected to create a thesis statement. They may use their best writing skills to write their thesis statement.At the end of the handout, students are required to write a bibliography. They are also advised to use their imagination to write a persuasive bibliography. The contents of the bibliography should be convincing to the reader so that he/she is convinced to read more.The second paragraph of the handout is meant to give more details about a particular topic. Students will be required to describe a place, a person, a situation or an event they have encountered while studying or working in India.At the end of the essay, students should take notes on their experiences. The handout must be finished within five pages. A student may submit his/her essay as per the deadlines given in the guidelines provided in the handout.Once students have written and submitted their essay, it would be better if they communicate their thoughts to the teacher in writing. The teachers can add relevant information to the students' essay.

The Single Best Strategy to Use for Term Paper Format Wiseessays Com

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The Character of Victor Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Essay

The Character of Victor Frankenstein by Mary Shelley Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole. Focus on the relevance and effect of writer’s use of language to describe setting, character and what it shows about social and historical influences. Looking at face value, Frankenstein is about a man called Victor Frankenstein, who creates a monster out of†¦show more content†¦A warning to say: do not mess with the powers of nature. Or maybe it was to warning to caution the dangers of obsession. Frankenstein was exceedingly lonely, all he wanted was a friend, and even taught himself to read and write so he could communicate with people and be accepted. This novel could warn about loneliness and isolation, and also prejudice and discrimination. Mary shelly may have written this novel based on something that affected her in her life, for example: Mary Shellys mother died- maybe she thinks, or wants, there to be a way to bring the dead back to life, and Frankenstein’s loneliness could reflect Mary Shellys loneliness after losing her own mother. Mary Shelly’s mother was also a feminist; a certain amount of femininity is taken away in this novel. In the 19th century women’s main role in society was to have babies, look after them, and make sure dinner is on the table. Without women, we cannot have children, and the whole worlds population would crash. The fact Victor Frankenstein can create life means there is no need for women, it takes away women’s roles completely. Mary shelly didn’t put her name on the book for 13 years after it was published, this is because women were thought of less highly and she thought no one would read it. MoreShow MoreRelatedFrankenstein And Nature’S Love. From Stupendous Glaciers1053 Words   |  5 PagesFrankenstein and Nature’s Love From stupendous glaciers to rolling green hills, there is no denying that Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein captures nature’s most majestic and extraordinary sights. There is also no denying that nature’s enchantment and beauty surrounds Frankenstein’s intense plot. Hence, the sublime alpine ecosystem where Frankenstein takes place has a great impact on the characters of the novel. As she wrote Frankenstein, Mary Shelley also experienced a magnificent and grand environmentRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein: A Gothic Novel1595 Words   |  7 Pages Mary Shelly’s Frankenstein is one of the greatest Gothic novels to come out during the Romantic Period. Frankenstein is a prime example of what a Gothic novel should present to its reader through the genre’s twisted themes. Even though it was written in the Romantic period, Mary Shelley still wrote Frankenstein to be a Gothic work of literature. 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The idea of Frankenstein was written based on a dream of an anonymous person creating a new man with human body parts. It was published on January 1, 1818, it illustrates most of her background on the main character Victor, Frankenstein.The book is consisted of characters feelings and complexity. Mary wrote it at the age of nineteen, influenced by the radical movement and her parents. The work of FrankensteinRead MoreLight And Dark By Mary Shelley1670 Words   |  7 Pagesgood and dark is portrayed as evil. In Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein, she uses the motif of light versus dark through the relationship between Victor Frankenstein and the monster to convey the idea that within each human there is both good and evil. Markedly, the light throughout the novel is portrayed as the act of discovery or obtaining knowledge. Within the novel Walton exclaims, â€Å"What could not be expected in the country of eternal light?† (Shelley 1). In this quote, specifically, is whereRead MoreVictor Frankenstein: Epic Hero Essay1093 Words   |  5 Pages the zombie era is truly coming to life, and it is easy to figure out where this idea originated. The historic book Frankenstein: The Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley describes a man who creates a creature out of dead body parts of humans. Although this monster was meant for good purposes, it eventually leads to destruction including multiple murders. However, Victor Frankenstein can actually be determined as a hero by the ways in which he fits within the interpretation of an epic hero. GregoryRead MoreFrankenstein Novel Analysis Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesMyrjun Angeles Ms. Ammendolia EWC4UI 10/13/17 Frankenstein Novel Analysis Frankenstein is partly an epistolary novel. In what way do the letters at the beginning of the text help frame the story that follows? 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When Shelley’s readers interpret Frankenstein, they tend to have mixed feelings when viewing the Creature and Victor FrankensteinRead MoreAt First Reading Mary Shelley’S Novel Frankenstein Appears1709 Words   |  7 Pagesreading Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein appears to be part of the gothic or horror genre, but further examination of this novel reveals many concepts and perspectives that are related to other genres of English literature. Along with possessing various conceptual ideas this novel brilliantly highlights the characteristics of men, which many authors have credited Mary Shelley’s understanding of the op posite gender as exceptional. Throughout this novel there can be identified three male characters thatRead MoreEssay about Literary Technique in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein714 Words   |  3 PagesMary Shelley genially wrote Frankenstein. A book that has been re-told a countless number of times, a story that almost every child heard as they grew up, becoming almost an American tradition. Various aspects of the story even though fiction were reflections of Mary Shelley’s personal life. Shelley uses tragic and shocking events to develop her characters. The symbolism she uses is that of what happens in the world at all times, mirror images of our true society. Shelley’s writing was odd for her

Reasoned Action Theory Of Planned Behavior -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reasoned Action Theory Of Planned Behavior? Answer: Introduction It is a well-known fact that leaders are not made, they are born. Instances from history and the present world abounds that exemplify the values and traits of a true leader. A leader could be from any field, be it politics, culture, society or organization. In the modern world, it is extremely important for a leader to have a sound knowledge of ethics, management and the values of teamwork. Previously, several theories and models of leadership have been developed that define the different leadership styles (Latham 2014). However, none of the theories had the perfect definition of a true leader. In this essay, I try to provide a novel theory or model of leadership that encompasses most of the traits of previous models and includes other unique traits as well. The new leadership model is applied in organizational contexts as well. I would also elaborate on the skills of the new leader and compare other models as well. Main organizing idea of the new leadership style A leader possesses innumerable skills that differentiate him or her from the crowd. Several ideas define leadership styles that include credibility, vision, honesty, relationships and so on. Among the many theories and models of leadership, the Contingency Theory, Behavioral Theory and Transactional and Transformational leadership theory are the ones that are being followed the most. accounting to Anderson et al. (2017), these theories have not been scientifically proven to exert any influence on individual traits. Apart from that, the theories present ambiguous situations where it becomes unclear what the theory is trying to pose. McCleskey (2014), however argues that the development of these theories have provided a base for the upcoming scholars and intellects to define leadership they observe in different strata of life. The new leadership model however would be based on the idea of compassion and discipline. I believe that compassion is what a human being must have to lead as an example. In my model, thus, the leader would possess high level of compassion that is love and care for others. In addition, the leader would exhibit extreme discipline that would go simultaneously with compassion. It is important for a leader to feel for others because basic human values strike a chord with people above everything (Joseph et al. 2015). With the combination of compassion and discipline, the leader would be able to acquire other skills as well. This would be accomplished through deep observation of others and being genuine to self. Compassion makes a person better human and discipline makes him sustain every difficulty because being compassionate in a competitive world is tough. Traits of the new leader According to many scholars, leadership traits are such that distinguishes an individual from others. In the Contingency model, a leader has been said to possess the quality to make decisions instantly depending on the situation. The Behavioral Theory on the contrary states that there is one single way to lead and the leader displays skills of having concern for multiple elements of an organization. Day et al. (2014) mention five major skills that a leader possesses that include communication, passion, commitment, team building and determination. I agree with these qualities because not only leaders but also every human being must possess these skills. A leader stands out because he applies these skills differently and evolves better with these skills. The new leader as per my new model would have these above-mentioned skills along with the skill of managing time and having the power to motivate. Bhuvanaiah and Raya (2014) view motivation as the fuel of success. The authors have further stated that the combination of motivation power and determination skills can create a leader that has no match. To be an effective leader, we have to set examples of what he or she preaches. Giving motivational speeches is very different from performing actions that motivate. Here, the famous phrase, practice what you preach must be remembered. Leaders exert influence when they compel others to follow them, not the other way round. An effective leader must not compete or make rivals, he or she must make others follow and admire them. Core values of the new leadership model Anderson and Sun (2017) have put forth the view that all leadership models have the same core values because it is obvious that a leader will have these values. We as human beings adhere to certain values and those values are attained from different societal institutions like our family, friends, colleagues, schools and so on. It is but also true that no human being follows each value in life. In simple words, no human being is perfect; everyone has flaws. However, to be a leader it is crucial to maintain and respect most values in life. Apart from the already mentioned - compassion and discipline my leadership model will have values such as integrity, courage, intellectualism, genuinity and revolutionary. These values combined with the skills and ideas, would allow the new leader to exercise an influence that would bring revolutionary changes in any team that he or she leads. In addition, these values would empower the leader to comprehend various cultural dimensions while leading a team. Applying the new leadership model in organizational context I must also mention that the new compassionate model of leadership cannot be easily applied in the present organizational structure. It is going to be a slow but successful process before the model is finally accepted. However, my leadership model is most likely to benefit the ongoing relationships that are visible in the modern organizations. The quality of compassion has the power to produce exemplary teamwork in an organization by creating and maintaining a strong bond (George 2014). Along with compassion, the values of humility and motivational skills, organizational relationships that involve the customer-client, leader-employee and company-client would see a transformational change. Google is a great example of an existing organization that demonstrates traits of the new leadership model. The statement can be validated from the organizational culture that Google has (Fortune.com 2018). It treats its employees like members of own family, showing great compassion. I must also point out that leadership models and theories were developed after observing people and their styles of leadership. Gradually, organizations formed and were lead by people who possessed certain qualities. Hence, leaders who led organizations gave rise to the development of these theories and not vice versa. Porath, Gerbasi and Schorch (2015) have rightly pointed out that people give rise to theories and not the theories that shape people. However, if my model of leadership were being used in any organization, it would have a culture where there was no place for unethical conduct. We can observe in almost every existing organization that someone or the other has compromised ethical values either under political or economic pressure or under too much greed for success. The new leadership model of compassion seeks to achieve an organizational structure that lays much stress on humans as the most valuable resources. This involves putting multiculturalism at the peak of organizational missions and visions. My leadership model further seeks to form an organizational culture where ethics and rules are followed and that it is exemplified by the leader. Compassion along with discipline ensures that the leader would not be carried away with compassion but maintain discipline in the organization (Simpson 2015). Similarities and Unique features of the new leadership model from other models Although my leadership model has many similarities with the older models and theories, it has included compassion as the most important element. On the one hand, it displays elements of the Major theory while on the other it shows traits of the Behavioral theory (Montano and Kasprzyk 2015). In the end, however, the compassionate model of leadership conveys distinctiveness and effectiveness from other theories. In my personal life, I have always been compassionate and valued discipline. I would allow my employees to express their opinions and make sure that those opinions given importance. Further, I would create an environment where my employees do not have to be forced or threatened to follow rules, as they would do it willingly. With compassion as the main idea of my leadership style, my organization would enjoy the moral duty to respect and care for every individual irrespective of the culture he or she hails from. Conclusion The new leadership model as proposed by me would thus be effective in raising the status of an organization and produce an exemplary leader. We know the importance of a good leadership for the success of an organization and its smooth functioning. Developing leadership styles that address the changing needs of the modern competitive world is very crucial. However, it is also important to realize the value of humans as resources and treat them not like machines but humans. In the essay, I have proposed a leadership model, which I have named the Compassionate Model of Leadership that upholds values such as integrity, courage, determination and authenticity and so on. In addition, I have also presented the models relevance in the organizational context. In the end, I have demonstrated the way I would personally apply the new leadership model in my organization. References: Anderson, H.J., Baur, J.E., Griffith, J.A. and Buckley, M.R., 2017. What works for you may not work for (Gen) Me: Limitations of present leadership theories for the new generation.The Leadership Quarterly,28(1), pp.245-260. Anderson, M.H. and Sun, P.Y., 2017. Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a new full?rangetheory.International Journal of Management Reviews,19(1), pp.76-96. Bhuvanaiah, T. and Raya, R.P., 2014. Employee engagement: Key to organizational success.SCMS journal of Indian management,11(4), p.61. Day, D.V., Fleenor, J.W., Atwater, L.E., Sturm, R.E. and McKee, R.A., 2014. Advances in leader and leadership development: A review of 25 years of research and theory.The Leadership Quarterly,25(1), pp.63-82. Fortune.com (2018).Google. [online] Fortune. Available at: https://fortune.com/best-companies/google/ [Accessed 27 Jan. 2018]. George, J.M., 2014. Compassion and capitalism: Implications for operations studies.Journal of Management,40(1), pp.5-15. Joseph, D.L., Dhanani, L.Y., Shen, W., McHugh, B.C. and McCord, M.A., 2015. Is a happy leader a good leader? A meta-analytic investigation of leader trait affect and leadership.The Leadership Quarterly,26(4), pp.557-576. Latham, J.R., 2014. Leadership for quality and innovation: Challenges, theories, and a framework for future research.Quality Management Journal,21(1), pp.11-15. McCleskey, J.A., 2014. Situational, transformational, and transactional leadership and leadership development.Journal of Business Studies Quarterly,5(4), p.117. Montano, D.E. and Kasprzyk, D., 2015. Theory of reasoned action, theory of planned behavior, and the integrated behavioral model.Health behavior: Theory, research and practice, pp.95-124. Porath, C.L., Gerbasi, A. and Schorch, S.L., 2015. The effects of civility on advice, leadership, and performance.Journal of Applied Psychology,100(5), p.1527. Simpson, A.V., 2015. Navigating dilemmas of organizational compassion by cultivating complimentary virtues of wisdom and power.Academy of Management (AoM).

The True Devils In Salem Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The True Devils in Salem English - The Crucible by Arthur Miller The True Devils in Salem In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, the madness of the Salem witch trials is explored in great detail. There are many theories as to why the witch trials came about, the most popular of which is the girls' suppressed childhoods. However, there were other factors as well, such as Abigail Williams' affair with John Proctor, the secret grudges that neighbors held against each other, and the physical and economic differences between the citizens of Salem Village. From a historical viewpoint, it is known that young girls in colonial Massachusetts were given little or no freedom to act like children. They were expected to walk straight, arms by their sides, eyes slightly downcast, and their mouths were to be shut unless otherwise asked to speak. It is not surprising that the girls would find this type of lifestyle very constricting. To rebel against it, they played pranks, such as dancing in the woods, listening to slaves' magic stories and pretending that other villagers were bewitching them. The Crucible starts after the girls in the village have been caught dancing in the woods. As one of them falls sick, rumors start to fly that there is witchcraft going on in the woods, and that the sick girl is bewitched. Once the girls talk to each other, they become more and more frightened of being accused as witches, so Abigail starts accusing others of practicing witchcraft. The other girls all join in so that the blame will not be placed on them. In The Crucible, Abigail starts the accusations by saying, "I go back to Jesus; I kiss his hand. I saw Sarah Good with the Devil! I saw Goody Osburn with the Devil! I saw Bridget Bishop with the Devil!" Another girl, Betty, continues the cry with, "I saw George Jacobs with the Devil! I saw Goody Howe with the Devil!" >From here on, the accusations grow and grow until the jails overflow with accused witches. It must have given them an incredible sense of power when the whole town of Salem listened to their words and believed each and every accusation. After all, children were to be seen and not heard in Puritan society, and the newfound attention was probably overwhelming. In Act Three of The Crucible, the girls were called before the judges to defend themselves against the claims that they were only acting. To prove their innocence, Abigail led the other girls in a chilling scene. Abby acted as if Mary Warren sent her spirit up to the rafters and began to talk to the spirit. "Oh Mary, this is a black art to change your shape. No, I cannot, I cannot stop my mouth; it's God's work I do." The other girls all stared at the rafters in horror and began to repeat everything they heard. Finally, the girls' hysterics caused Mary Warren to accuse John Proctor of witchcraft. Once the scam started, it was too late to stop, and the snowballing effect of wild accusations soon resulted in the hanging of many innocents. After the wave of accusations began, grudges began to surface in the community. Small slights were made out to be witchcraft, and bad business deals were blamed on witchery. Two characters in The Crucible, Giles Corey and Thomas Putnam, argue early on about a plot of land. Corey claims that he bought it from Goody Nurse but Putnam says he owns it, and Goody Nurse had no right to sell it. Later, when Putnam's daughter accuses George Jacobs of witchery, Corey claims that Putnam only wants Jacobs' land. Giles says, "If Jacobs hangs for a witch he forfeit up his property - that's law! And there is none but Putnam with the coin to buy so great a piece. This man is killing his neighbors for their land!" Others also had hidden motives for accusing their neighbors. Once the accusations began, everyone had a reason to accuse someone else which is why the hangings got so out of hand. The wave of accusations can be likened to mass hysteria, in which the people involved are so caught up that they start having delusions of neighbors out to do them harm. One of the main accusers, Abigail Williams, had an ulterior motive for accusing Elizabeth Proctor. In The Crucible, Abigail believed that if she got rid of Goody Proctor, then John Proctor, her husband, would turn to Abby. John Proctor had an affair with Abigail, but for

Aluminum or Aluminium Alloys - List

Aluminum or Aluminium Alloys - List An aluminum alloy is a composition consisting mainly of aluminum to which other elements have been added. The alloy is made by mixing together the elements when aluminum is molten (liquid), which cools to form a homogeneous solid solution. The other elements may make up as much as 15 percent of the alloy by mass. Added elements include iron, copper, magnesium, silicon, and zinc. The addition of elements to the aluminum gives the alloy improved strength, workability, corrosion resistance, electrical conductivity, and/or density, compared with the pure metallic element. Aluminum alloys tend to be lightweight and corrosion resistant. List of Aluminum Alloys This is a list of some important aluminum or aluminium alloys. AA-8000: used for building wire per the National Electrical CodeAlclad: aluminum sheet made by bonding high-purity aluminum to a high strength core materialAl-Li (lithium, sometimes mercury)Alnico (aluminum, nickel, copper)Birmabright (aluminum, magnesium)Duralumin (copper, aluminum)Hindalium (aluminum, magnesium, manganese, silicon)Magnalium (5% magnesium)Magnox (magnesium oxide, aluminum)Nambe (aluminum plus seven other unspecified metals)Silumin (aluminum, silicon)Titanal (aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper, zirconium)Zamak (zinc, aluminum, magnesium, copper)Aluminum forms other complex alloys with magnesium, manganese, and platinum Identifying Aluminum Alloys Alloys have common names, but they may be identified using a four-digit number. The first digit of the number identifies the class or series of alloy. 1xxx - Commercially pure aluminum also has a four-digit numerical identifier. Series 1xxx alloys are made of 99 percent or higher purity aluminum. 2xxx - The principal alloying element in the 2xxx series is copper. Heat treating these alloys improves their strength. These alloys are strong and tough, but not as corrosion resistant as other aluminum alloys, so they are usually painted or coated for use. The most common aircraft alloy is 2024. Alloy 2024-T351 is among the hardest of the aluminum alloys. 3xxx - The main alloying element in this series is manganese, usually with a smaller amount of magnesium. The most popular alloy from this series is 3003, which is workable and moderately strong. 3003 is used to make cooking utensils. Alloy 3004 is one of the alloys used to make aluminum cans for beverages. 4xxx - Silicon is added to aluminum to make 4xxx alloys. This lowers the melting point of the metal without making it brittle. This series is used to make welding wire. Alloy 4043 is used to make filler alloys for welding cars and structural elements. 5xxx - The principal alloying element in the 5xxx series is magnesium. These alloys are strong, weldable, and resist marine corrosion. The 5xxx alloys are used to make pressure vessels and storage tanks and for various marine applications. Alloy 5182 is used to make the lid of aluminum beverage cans. So, aluminum cans actually consist of at least two alloys! 6xxx - Silicon and magnesium are present in 6xxx alloys. The elements combine to form magnesium silicide. These alloys are formable, weldable, and heat treatable. They have good corrosion resistance and moderate strength. The most common alloy in this series is 6061, which is used to make truck and boat frames. Extrusion products from the 6xxx series are used in architecture and to make the iPhone 6. 7xxx - Zinc is the principal alloying element in the series starting with the number 7. The resulting alloy is heat-treatable and very strong. Important alloys are 7050 and 7075, both used to construct aircraft. 8xxx s include 8500, 8510, and 8520. 9xxx - Presently, the series starting with the number 9 is unused. What Is the Strongest Aluminum Alloy? Manganese added to aluminum increases its strength and yields an alloy with excellent workability and corrosion resistance. The highest strength alloy in the non-heat-treatable grade is alloy 5052. Aluminum Alloy Classification In general, the two broad categories of aluminum alloys are wrought alloys and casting alloys. Both of these groups are subdivided into heat-treatable and non-heat-treatable types. Around 85% of aluminum is used in wrought alloys. Cast alloys are relatively inexpensive to produce because of their low melting point, but they tend to have lower tensile strengths than their wrought counterparts. Sources Davis, J.R. (2001). Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. Alloying: Understanding the Basics. pp. 351–416.Degarmo, E. Paul; Black, J T.; Kohser, Ronald A. (2003). Materials and Processes in Manufacturing (9th ed.). Wiley. p. 133. ISBN 0-471-65653-4.Kaufman, John Gilbert (2000). Applications for Aluminium Alloys and Tempers. Introduction to aluminum alloys and tempers. ASM International. pp. 93–94. ISBN 978-0-87170-689-8.

Biodiversity Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Biodiversity - Research Paper Example On a more lofty plane of analysis, proponents of biotechnology, laud it as a triumph of human innovation, an example of humankind’s superior knowledge over other organisms in the eco-system. Some even argue that â€Å"sustainable agriculture is possible only with biotechnology and imaginative chemistry.† (Schneiderman and Carpenter, 1990). Environmental advocates, on the other hand, warn of the hazards of biotechnology on biodiversity and other life-forms. For example, environmentalists assert that the corn that is keeping pests away is also killing the Monarch butterfly. According to Wilson (1992), â€Å"the race is on to develop methods, to draw more income from the wildlands without killing them, and so to give the invisible hand of the free market a green thumb.† the central debate that underpins the biotechnology discourse: balancing the WTO principles on liberalization and the environmental concerns of biotechnology. To quote Herdegen (2010): Biotechnology on the international level, is covered by the said Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), which build their judicial content upon a precautionary approach. On the other hand, WTO trade law is deemed to focus on the abolition of trade barriers and the combating of protectionism and unjustified discrimination. Therefore there is a potential for conflict between trade law and MEAs, especially in the field of biotechnology. It is this conflict that has made the crafting of an international legal framework for biotechnology so fraught with tensions, and the road to Cartagena so bumpy. The proposal for the international regulation of biotechnology was spawned by a 1986 incident, wherein the United States tested a genetically-modified rabies vaccine in Argentina, without having informed, much less obtained consent, from the Argentine government. This raised fears that with without an international legal framework for biotechnology, developed countries would use developing countries as laboratories, thus putting citizens of the latter at great risk. (Gupta, 2000: 24). There was a pre-existing Convention on Biological Diversity that could be used to serve as a framework for the creation of a convention particularly and specifically addressing biotechnology concerns and issues. Article 8 of the CBD called on Parties to â€Å"establish or maintain means to regulate, manage or control the risks associated with the use and release of living modified organisms resulting from biotechnology which are likely to have adverse environmental impacts that could affect the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, taking also into account the risks to human health.† On the basis of Article 8, the parties to the Convention decided to form a working group to hammer out a protocol acceptable by all. Delegates from 170 nations locked heads in Cartagena to work through the contentious issues being raised and the various points of divergence between nations and stake holders. In a press release by the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) in 1999, Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the program, was quoted as saying: â€Å"we need a widely accepted protocol that protects the environment, strengthens the capacity of developing countries to ensure biosafety, complements existing national regulations, and promotes public confidence in biotechnology and all the benefits it can offer.† This, however, proved to be easier said than done. Countries from Europe and from the developing world found themselves forming an